I-International Diabetes Federation (IDF) kunye ne-World Health Organisation (WHO) zibeke umhla we-14 kweyeNkanga njengo "Suku lweSifo seswekile lweHlabathi". Kunyaka wesibini wothotho lwe-Access to Diabetes Care (2021-2023), umxholo walo nyaka uthi: Isifo seswekile: imfundo yokukhusela ingomso.
Isishwankathelo seSifo seswekile seHlabathi se-01
Ngowama-2021, bekukho abantu abazizigidi ezingama-537 abanesifo seswekile kwihlabathi liphela. Inani lezigulane ezinesifo seswekile kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba linyuke liye kwizigidi ezingama-643 ngo-2030 kunye nezigidi ezingama-784 ngo-2045 ngokwahlukeneyo, ukunyuka kwe-46%!
02 Iinyani ezibalulekileyo
Uhlelo lweshumi lweGlobal Diabetes Overview luveza iinyaniso ezisibhozo ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile. Ezi nyaniso zikwenza kucace kwakhona ukuba "ulawulo lwesifo seswekile kubo bonke" lungxamisekile ngokwenene!
-1 kubantu abadala abali-9 (abaneminyaka engama-20-79) unesifo seswekile, kwaye abantu abazizigidi ezingama-537 kwihlabathi liphela
-Ngowama-2030, umntu omnye kwabayi-9 uya kuba nesifo seswekile, esifikelela kwizigidi ezingama-643.
-Ngowama-2045, umntu omnye kwabasibhozo uya kuba nesifo seswekile, esifikelela kwizigidi ezingama-784.
-80% yabantu abanesifo seswekile bahlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi
-Isifo seswekile sibangele ukufa kwabantu abazizigidi eziyi-6.7 ngo-2021, okulingana nokufa komntu omnye ngenxa yesifo seswekile rhoqo kwimizuzwana emi-5.
-240 yezigidi (44%) abantu abanesifo seswekile kwihlabathi liphela abakafumani sifo
-Isifo seswekile sibize i-$966 yeebhiliyoni kwinkcitho yezempilo yehlabathi ngo-2021, inani elikhule ngama-316% kwiminyaka eli-15 edlulileyo.
-1 kubantu abadala abali-10 banesifo seswekile esiphazamisekileyo kwaye abantu abazizigidi ezingama-541 kwihlabathi liphela basengozini enkulu yesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini;
-68% yabantu abadala abanesifo seswekile bahlala kumazwe ali-10 anezona zifo zininzi zeswekile.
03 Idatha yesifo seswekile eTshayina
Ummandla weNtshona yePasifiki apho iChina ikhoyo ibisoloko "ingumthombo ophambili" phakathi kwabantu abanesifo seswekile kwihlabathi liphela. Umntu omnye kwabane abane abanesifo seswekile emhlabeni ungumTshayina. ETshayina, okwangoku kukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-140 abaphila nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, esilingana nomntu omnye kwabasithoba abaphila nesifo seswekile. Inani labantu abanesifo seswekile esingafunyaniswanga liphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50.5%, ekulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwizigidi ezili-164 ngo-2030 kunye nezigidi ezili-174 ngo-2045.
Ulwazi oluphambili lokuqala
Isifo seswekile sesinye sezifo ezingapheliyo ezichaphazela kakhulu impilo yabemi bethu. Ukuba izigulane zeswekile azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, sinokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi efana nesifo sentliziyo, ubumfama, ukubola kweenyawo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
Ulwazi oluphambili lwesibini
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo seswekile "zingaphezulu kathathu kwaye enye ingaphantsi" (i-polyuria, i-polydipsia, i-polyphagia, ukwehla kobunzima), kwaye abanye abaguli banesifo esingenazo iimpawu ezisemthethweni.
Ulwazi oluphambili lwesithathu
Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo seswekile kunabantu ngokubanzi, kwaye okukhona kukho izinto ezinobungozi, kokukhona umngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana isifo seswekile. Izinto ezixhaphakileyo ezibangela isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kubantu abadala ziquka: ubudala ≥ iminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ukutyeba kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, i-dyslipidemia, imbali yesifo seswekile esingaphambi kokuba sivele, imbali yosapho, imbali yokuzala i-macrosomia okanye imbali yesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.
Ulwazi oluphambili lwesine
Ukunamathela ixesha elide kunyango olupheleleyo kuyafuneka kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile. Uninzi lwesifo seswekile lunokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngonyango lwesayensi nolwengqiqo. Izigulane zinokonwabela ubomi obuqhelekileyo endaweni yokufa ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukukhubazeka ngenxa yesifo seswekile.
Ulwazi oluphambili lwesihlanu
Izigulana ezinesifo seswekile zifuna unyango lwesondlo olulungiselelwe umntu ngamnye. Izigulana ezinesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kufuneka zilawule amandla azo apheleleyo ngokuvavanya imeko yazo yesondlo kwaye zibeke iinjongo kunye nezicwangciso zonyango lwesondlo olufanelekileyo phantsi kwesikhokelo sengcali yesondlo okanye iqela lolawulo elidibeneyo (kuquka nomfundisi-ntsapho wesifo seswekile).
Ulwazi oluphambili lwesithandathu
Izigulane ezineswekile kufuneka zenze unyango lokuzilolonga phantsi kolwalathiso lweengcali.
Ulwazi oluphambili lwesixhenxe
Abantu abanesifo seswekile kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo iswekile egazini labo, ubunzima, amafutha anamafutha kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
Uvavanyo lweMacro kunye neMicro eBeijing: I-Wes-Plus inceda ekufumaneni uhlobo lwesifo seswekile
Ngokwe-"Chinese Expert Consensus on Diagnosis Diabetes Typing Diagnosis" ka-2022, sixhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bokulandelelanisa obuphezulu ukuze sihlole izakhi zofuzo zenyukliya neze-mitochondrial, kwaye sikwagubungela ne-HLA-locus ukunceda ekuvavanyeni umngcipheko wokosuleleka sisifo seswekile sohlobo 1.
Iya kukhokela ngokupheleleyo ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko wemfuza kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile, kwaye incede oogqirha ekuqulunqeni izicwangciso zokuxilongwa kunye nonyango lomntu ngamnye.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-25-2022