Umxholo woSuku lweMalariya lweHlabathi luka-2023 uthi "Ukuphelisa iMalariya ngoBulungisa", kugxilwe ekukhawuleziseni inkqubela phambili ekufezekiseni injongo yehlabathi yokuphelisa imalariya ngo-2030. Oku kuya kufuna imizamo eqhubekayo yokwandisa ukufikelela ekuthintelweni kwemalariya, ukuxilongwa kwayo, kunye nonyango, kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha zokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha kunye namaqhinga okulwa nesi sifo.
01 Isishwankathelo seI-Malaria
Ngokwengxelo yeWorld Health Organisation, malunga nama-40% abantu behlabathi basengozini yokuhlaselwa yimalariya. Unyaka ngamnye, abantu abazizigidi ezingama-350 ukuya kwezingama-500 basulelwa yimalariya, abantu abazizigidi ezili-1.1 babulawa yimalariya, kwaye abantwana abangama-3,000 babulawa yimalariya yonke imihla. Ukwanda kwesi sifo kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo apho uqoqosho luhlwempuzekileyo. Kumntu omnye kwabababini kwihlabathi liphela, imalariya isesesinye sezona ngxaki zinkulu kwimpilo yoluntu.
02 Indlela I-Malaria Esasazeka Ngayo
1. Ukudluliselwa kwengcongconi
Eyona nto ibangela imalariya yiAnopheles mosquito. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu nezishushu, kwaye ukwanda kwayo kuxhaphake kakhulu ehlotyeni nasekwindla kwiindawo ezininzi.
2. Ukudluliselwa kwegazi
Abantu banokosulelwa yimalariya ngokutofelwa igazi elinosulelo lwePlasmodium parasite. Imalariya yokuzalwa nayo inokubangelwa kukonakala kweplacenta okanye ukosulelwa kwamanxeba osana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ligazi likamama elinosulelo lwemalariya okanye elinosulelo lwemalariya ngexesha lokubeleka.
Ukongeza, abantu abakwiindawo ezingezizo ezixhaphakileyo ngemalariya banokumelana okubuthathaka nemalariya. Imalariya isasazeka lula xa izigulane okanye abantu abathwali bayo besuka kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo bengena kwiindawo ezingezizo ezixhaphakileyo ngemalariya.
03 Iimpawu zonyango zemalariya
Kukho iintlobo ezine zePlasmodium ezibulala umzimba womntu, zezi: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae kunye nePlasmodium ovale. Iimpawu eziphambili emva kokosuleleka yimalariya ziquka ukubanda rhoqo, umkhuhlane, ukubila, njl.njl., ngamanye amaxesha kuhamba nentloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, urhudo, kunye nokukhohlela. Izigulane ezineemeko ezinzima zinokuba ne-delirium, i-coma, i-shock, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi kunye nezintso. Ukuba azinyangwa ngexesha, zinokuba yingozi ebomini ngenxa yokulibaziseka konyango.
04 Indlela Yokuthintela Nokulawula I-Malaria
1. Ukosuleleka yimalariya kufuneka kunyangwe kwangethuba. Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu yi-chloroquine kunye ne-primaquine. I-Artemether kunye ne-dihydroartemisinin zisebenza ngakumbi ekunyangeni imalariya ye-falciparum.
2. Ukongeza ekuthinteleni amayeza, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela nokuphelisa iingcongconi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka yimalariya engcanjini.
3. Ukuphucula inkqubo yokubona imalariya kunye nokunyanga abosulelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwemalariya.
Isisombululo se-05
I-Macro & Micro-Test iphuhlise uthotho lweekhithi zokufumanisa imalariya, ezinokusetyenziswa kwiqonga lokufumanisa i-immunochromatography, iqonga lokufumanisa i-PCR ekhanyayo kunye neqonga lokufumanisa i-isothermal amplification. Sinikezela ngezisombululo ezipheleleyo nezibanzi zokuxilonga, ukujonga unyango kunye nokuqikelela usulelo lwePlasmodium:
Iqonga le-Immunochromatography
l I-Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax Antigen Detection Kit (iColloidal Gold)
Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Plasmodium Falciparum Antigen (iColloidal Gold)
Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Plasmodium Antigen (iColloidal Gold)
Le khithi yenzelwe ukufumanisa nokuchonga iPlasmodium falciparum (Pf), iPlasmodium vivax (Pv), iPlasmodium ovale (Po) okanye iPlasmodium malaria (Pm) egazini lemithambo yegazi okanye egazini le-capillary labantu abaneempawu kunye neempawu ze-malaria protozoa, enokunceda ekuxilongweni kosulelo lwePlasmodium.
· Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: Amanyathelo ama-3 kuphela
· Ubushushu begumbi: Ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwi-4-30°C kangangeenyanga ezingama-24
· Ukuchaneka: Uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokuchaneka
Iqonga lePCR leFluorescent
l Ikhithi yokuFumana iPlasmodium Nucleic Acid (iFluorescence PCR)
l Ikhithi yokuFumana iPlasmodium Nucleic Acid eyomileyo eqandisiweyo (iFluorescence PCR)
Le khithi isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-Plasmodium nucleic acid kwi-in vitro kwiisampuli zegazi ezingaphandle kwezigulane ezirhanelwa ukuba zinosulelo lwePlasmodium.
· Ulawulo lwangaphakathi: Jonga ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo
· Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Akukho kusabela okudibeneyo kunye neentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumla ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezichanekileyo ngakumbi
· Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Iikopi ezi-5/μL
Iqonga Lokukhulisa I-Isothermal
I-l Nucleic Acid Detection Kit esekelwe kwi-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) yePlasmodium
Le khithi isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-nucleic acid ye-malaria parasite kwi-in vitro kwiisampuli zegazi ezingaphandle kwezigulane ezirhanelwa ukuba zinosulelo lwe-plasmodium.
· Ulawulo lwangaphakathi: Jonga ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo
· Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Akukho kusabela okudibeneyo kunye neentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumla ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezichanekileyo ngakumbi
· Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Iikopi ezi-5/μL
| Inombolo yeKhathalogu | Igama lemveliso | Inkcazo |
| I-HWTS-OT055A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iPlasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax Antigen (iColloidal Gold) | Uvavanyo olu-1/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT056A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iPlasmodium Falciparum Antigen (iColloidal Gold) | Uvavanyo olu-1/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT057A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iPlasmodium Antigen (iColloidal Gold) | Uvavanyo olu-1/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT054A/B/C | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iPlasmodium Nucleic Acid eyomileyo eqandisiweyo (iFluorescence PCR) | Iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-50/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT074A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iPlasmodium Nucleic Acid (iFluorescence PCR) | Iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-OT033A/B | I-Nucleic Acid Detection Kit esekwe kwi-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) yePlasmodium | Iimvavanyo ezingama-50/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezili-16/ikhithi |
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-25-2023