Impilo yokuzala idlula ngokupheleleyo kumjikelo wobomi bethu, obuthathwa njengenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zempilo yabantu yi-WHO. Okwangoku, "Impilo yokuzala yabo bonke" ibonwa njengeNjongo yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo lwe-UN. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yempilo yokuzala, ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuzala, iinkqubo kunye nemisebenzi kubalulekile kuwo wonke umntu oyindoda.
01 Iingoziofizifo zokuzala
Usulelo lwendlela yokuzala luyingxaki enkulu kwimpilo yokuzala yamadoda, nto leyo ebangela ukungazali kwizigulane ezimalunga ne-15%. Lubangelwa kakhulu yiChlamydia Trachomatis, Mycoplasma Genitalium kunye neUreaplasma Urealyticum. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-50% yamadoda kunye ne-90% yabasetyhini abanezifo zendlela yokuzala abanazo iimpawu okanye abanazo iimpawu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthintelweni nasekulawulweni kokudluliselwa kwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ukuxilongwa kwezi zifo ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ke ngoko kunceda kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuzala.
Usulelo lweChlamydia Trachomatis (CT)
Usulelo lweChlamydia trachomatis urogenital tract lunokubangela i-urethritis, i-epididymitis, i-prostatitis, i-proctitis kunye nokungazali kumadoda kwaye lunokubangela i-cervicitis, i-urethritis, isifo sokudumba kwe-pelvic, i-adnexitis, kunye nokungazali kubasetyhini. Kwangaxeshanye, usulelo lweChlamydia trachomatis kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo lunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-membranes ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuzalwa komntwana eswelekile, ukukhupha isisu okuzenzekelayo, i-endometritis emva kokukhipha isisu kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuba alunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo, lunokudluliselwa ngokuthe nkqo kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, okubangela i-ophthalmia, i-nasopharyngitis kunye ne-pneumonia. Usulelo lweChlamydia trachomatis olungapheliyo noluphindaphindayo ludla ngokukhula lube zizifo, ezifana ne-cervical squamous cell carcinoma kunye ne-AIDS.
Usulelo lwe-Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (NG)
Iimpawu zeklinikhi zeNeisseria gonorrhoeae urogenital infection yi-urethritis kunye ne-cervicitis, kwaye iimpawu zayo eziqhelekileyo yi-dysuria, ukuchama rhoqo, ukukhawuleza, i-dysuria, i-mucus okanye i-purulent discharge. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha, i-gonococci ingangena kwi-urethra okanye isasazeke phezulu ukusuka emlonyeni wesibeleko, ibangele i-prostatitis, i-vesiculitis, i-epididymitis, i-endometritis, kunye ne-salpingitis. Kwiimeko ezinzima, inokubangela i-gonococcal sepsis ngokusasazwa kwe-hematogenous. I-mucosal necrosis ebangela i-squamous epithelium okanye ukulungiswa kwezicubu ezidibeneyo kunokukhokelela kwi-urethral stricture, i-vas deferens kunye ne-tubal ncipha okanye i-atresia kwaye ide ifikelele ekukhulelweni kwe-ectopic kunye nokungabi nabantwana kumadoda nabasetyhini.
Usulelo lwe-Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU)
I-Ureaplasma urealyticum idla ngokuba yiparasite kwi-urethra yamadoda, ijwabu lepenis, kunye ne-vagina yabasetyhini. Ingabangela usulelo lomchamo kunye nokungabi nabantwana phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Esona sifo sixhaphakileyo esibangelwa yi-urethritis yi-nongonococcal urethritis, ebangela i-60% ye-urethritis engeyiyo intsholongwane. Inokubangela ne-prostatitis okanye i-epididymitis kumadoda, i-vaginitis kubasetyhini, i-cervicitis, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuzalwa okuncinci, kwaye inokubangela usulelo kwiinkqubo zokuphefumla kunye nezemithambo-luvo eziphakathi kweentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa.
Usulelo lweHerpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex, okanye iherpes, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: intsholongwane yeherpes simplex uhlobo 1 kunye nentsholongwane yeherpes simplex uhlobo 2. Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex uhlobo 1 ibangela iherpes yomlomo ikakhulu ngokunxibelelana ngomlomo, kodwa inokubangela iherpes yokuzala. Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex uhlobo 2 lusulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo olubangela iherpes yokuzala. Iherpes yokuzala inokuphinda ivele kwaye ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo nakwingqondo yezigulana. Ingosulela iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa nge-placenta kunye nomjelo wokuzalwa, nto leyo ekhokelela kusulelo oluzalwa luzelwe lubantwana abasandul’ ukuzalwa.
I-Mycoplasma Genitalium Infection (MG)
I-Mycoplasma genitalium yeyona nto incinci eyaziwayo ekwaziyo ukuziphindaphinda kwi-genome organism engama-580kb kuphela kwaye ifumaneka kakhulu ebantwini nakwizilwanyana ezihlala kuzo. Kubantu abaselula abasabelana ngesondo, kukho ulwalamano oluqinileyo phakathi kokungasebenzi kakuhle kwendlela yokuzala kunye ne-Mycoplasma genitalium, apho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12% yezigulana ezineempawu ezibonisa ukuba zine-Mycoplasma genitalium. Ngaphandle koko, i-Mycoplasma Genitalium eyosulelwe ngabantu inokukhula ibe yi-urethritis engeyiyo i-gonococcal kunye ne-prostatitis engapheliyo. Usulelo lwe-Mycoplasma genitalium sisifo esizimeleyo esibangela ukudumba komlomo wesibeleko kubasetyhini kwaye sinxulunyaniswa ne-endometritis.
I-Mycoplasma Hominis Infection (MH)
Usulelo lweMycoplasma hominis kwindlela yokuzala lunokubangela izifo ezifana ne-non-gonococcal urethritis kunye ne-epididymitis kumadoda. Lubonakala njengokudumba kwenkqubo yokuzala kubasetyhini okusasazeka kumlomo wesibeleko, kwaye enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo yi-salpingitis. I-Endometritis kunye nesifo sokudumba kwe-pelvic sinokuvela kwinani elincinci lezigulana.
02Isisombululo
I-Macro kunye ne-Micro-Test zibandakanyeke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo zokufumanisa izifo ezinxulumene nosulelo lwendlela yokuzala, kwaye zenze izixhobo zokufumanisa ezinxulumene noko (indlela yokufumanisa i-Isothermal Amplification) ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
03 Iinkcukacha zeMveliso
| Igama lemveliso | Inkcazo |
| Ikhithi yokuFumana iChlamydia Trachomatis Nucleic Acid (i-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | Uvavanyo oluyi-20/ikhithi Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Nucleic Acid (i-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | Uvavanyo oluyi-20/ikhithi Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Ureaplasma Urealyticum Nucleic Acid (Ukwandiswa kwe-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal) | Uvavanyo oluyi-20/ikhithi Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Nucleic Acid (i-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | Uvavanyo oluyi-20/ikhithi Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
04 Aamathuba
1. Ulawulo lwangaphakathi lungeniswa kule nkqubo, enokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo kwaye iqinisekise umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Indlela yokuFumanisa i-Isothermal Amplification Detection inciphisa ixesha lovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo zingafunyanwa kwimizuzu engama-30.
3. Nge-Macro & Micro-Test Sample Release Reagent kunye ne-Macro & Micro-Test Automatic Nucleic Acid Extractor (HWTS-3006), kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
4. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: i-LoD ye-CT yi-400copies/mL; i-LoD ye-NG yi-50 pcs/mL; i-LoD ye-UU yi-400copies/mL; i-LoD ye-HSV2 yi-400 copies/mL.
5. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho kudibana nezinye izinto ezixhaphakileyo ezinxulumene nokosuleleka (ezifana ne-syphilis, ii-genital warts, i-chancroid chancre, i-trichomoniasis, i-hepatitis B kunye ne-AIDS).
Iireferensi:
[1] LOTTI F, MAGGI M. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kunye nokungazali kwamadoda [J].NatRev Urol,2018,15(5):287-307.
[2] CHOY JT, EISENBERG ML. Ukungazali kwamadoda njengethuba lokufumana impilo[J]. Fertil Steril, 2018,110(5):810-814.
[3] ZHOU Z, ZHENG D, WU H, et al. I-Epidemiology yokungazali eTshayina: uphando olusekelwe kwinani labantu[J].BJOG, 2018,125(4):432-441.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-04-2022