Uphononongo lwakutshanje olupapashwe kwiI-Microbiomebenze uhlalutyo lwe-metagenomic yentsholongwane kwizilwanyana zasendle ezincinci ezingama-846—kuquka amalulwane, iimpuku, kunye nee-shrews—eziqokelelwe eSierra Leone, eNtshona Afrika. Olu phononongo luchonge iintsholongwane ze-RNA ezinxulumene nezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezingama-39, eziquka iintsholongwane ezintsha ezingama-26 kunye neentsholongwane ezili-13 ezaziwa ngaphambili. Phakathi kwezi, usapho lweParamyxoviridae lubonakalise ulwahluko oluphezulu, ngelixa iimpuku zazinenani elikhulu leentlobo zentsholongwane (n = 26).
Uvavanyo lomngcipheko wezilwanyana lubonise iintsholongwane ezintathu ezaziwayo zezilwanyana—intsholongwane ye-encephalomyocarditis, intsholongwane yeLassa, kunye neRocahepevirus sp—kunye neentsholongwane ezintathu ezinomngcipheko wokusasazeka: intsholongwane yeMelian, intsholongwane ye-hepatitis yegundane, kunye neHunnivirus A. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, phakathi kweentsholongwane ezisandula ukuchongwa, iBat ledantevirus 2 ibonise ubudlelwane obusondeleyo be-phylogenetic nentsholongwane yeLe Dantec eyosulela abantu. Uhlalutyo lwe-serological lufumanise ngakumbi ii-antibodies ezithintela le ntsholongwane kwi-2.8% yabemi basekuhlaleni, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abantu bangaphambili, mhlawumbi abakhange babonwe, babechaphazeleka.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ubukho bendawo enkulu yokugcina iintsholongwane eNtshona Afrika kwaye zigxininisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwezicwangciso zokujonga ezidibeneyo kwindawo yokudibana kwabantu nezilwanyana. Ukudibanisa uvavanyo lwe-metagenomic kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-serological kubonelela ngesakhelo esomeleleyo sokuchonga iintsholongwane ezine-zoonotic kunye nokukwazi ukusasazeka.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ngaphezulu kwama-60% ezifo ezisulelayo ezisanda kuvela ebantwini zivela kwiindawo zokugcina izilwanyana, apho amalulwane, iimpuku, kunye neempuku ziqatshelwa njengezona zixhobo ziphambili zeentsholongwane zezilwanyana. I-Afrika ithathwa kakhulu njengendawo ethandwa kakhulu zizifo zezilwanyana. Umzekelo, iSierra Leone ibike amatyala angaphezu kwama-28,000 ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola ka-2014-2016.
Nangona kukho umthwalo omkhulu wezifo zezilwanyana ezizalwa kule ndawo, ukwahluka kunye nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane kwizilwanyana zasendle ezincinci akukabonakali ngokwaneleyo. Ukujongana nalo msantsa, abaphandi benze uhlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-virome lwezilwanyana zasendle ezincinci ezingama-846 ezibanjwe kwiindawo ezintathu eSierra Leone phakathi kowama-2018 nowama-2023. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuchazeni ukwahluka kweentsholongwane, ukuchonga abantu abanokuba nakho ukudlulisela iintlobo ngeentlobo, ukuvavanya umngcipheko wezilwanyana ezizalwa, kunye nokuvelisa ubungqina bokuxhasa iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba kwizifo ezisulelayo ezivelayo.
Iindlela eziPhambili
Olu phononongo lusebenzise indlela yokusebenza ebanzi ye-viral metagenomics:
- Ukucubungula isampulu:Izicubu zentliziyo, zesibindi, zespleen, zemiphunga, nezezintso zaqokelelwa, zadityaniswa, zaza zafakwa kwi-RNA iyonke.
- Ukulandelelana kunye nokuhlanganiswa:Ukuncipha kwe-RNA ye-ribosomal kwenziwa ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwethala leencwadi, kwalandela ukulandelelana okuphezulu kusetyenziswa iqonga le-Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Izakhi zentsholongwane zahlanganiswa de novo.
- Ukuchonga intsholongwane:Iintsholongwane zichongiwe ngokusekelwe kwi-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene alignment. Kugcinwe kuphela iintsholongwane ezinxulumene nezilwanyana ezinomqolo, ngaphandle kweentsholongwane zebhaktiriya, ifungus, kunye nezityalo.
- Uhlalutyo lwe-Bioinformatics:Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwe-phylogenetic, uhlalutyo lokuphinda kuhlanganiswe, ukwenziwa kwemodeli yenethiwekhi yokudluliselwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko wezilwanyana ezizalwayo.
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Serological:Uvavanyo lwe-VSV-based pseudovirus neutralization assay lwenziwe kwi-Bat ledantevirus 2. Ii-antibodies ezithintela ulwasulelo zifunyenwe kwi-2.8% ye-sera yabantu, nto leyo ebonisa ubungqina bokusasazeka kwe-zoonotic.
UphononongoIziphumo
1. Ukufunyanwa Kweentsholongwane Nokwahlukahlukana
Olu phononongo lwenze uhlalutyo lwe-transcriptomic sequencing kwizilwanyana zasendle ezingama-846 eziqokelelwe eSierra Leone, kuquka iimpuku, amalulwane, kunye nee-shrews. Ngokusekelwe kwi-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene sequences epheleleyo, kuchongwe ii-RNA virus ezingama-39 ezinxulumene nezilwanyana ezincancisayo, eziquka ii-virus ezili-13 ezaziwa ngaphambili kunye nee-virus ezintsha ezingama-26.
Ngokuphathelele ukwakheka kwentsholongwane, usapho lweParamyxoviridae lubonakalise umgangatho ophezulu wokwahluka kuzo zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeentsholongwane, lulandelwa yiAstroviridae kunye nePicornaviridae. Ngokuphathelele ukusasazwa kweentsholongwane, iimpuku zinegalelo kukwahluka okukhulu kweentsholongwane, zigcina iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezingama-26, nto leyo ebonisa indima yazo ephambili njengemithombo yokwahluka kweentsholongwane kulo mmandla.
2. Umngcipheko weZoonotic
Uvavanyo lomngcipheko wezilwanyana luchonge iintsholongwane ezintathu ezaziwayo zezilwanyana: intsholongwane ye-encephalomyocarditis, intsholongwane yeLassa, kunye neentlobo zeRocahepevirus. Ukongeza, iintsholongwane ezintathu—intsholongwane yeMelian, intsholongwane ye-hepatitis yegundane, kunye neHunnivirus A—zichongiwe njengezinomngcipheko wokusasazeka kwezifo.
Phakathi kweentsholongwane ezingama-26 ezisandula ukufunyanwa, ezine kwaxelwa ukuba zinamandla aphezulu okuzala izilwanyana ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-phylogenetic kunye ne-genomic. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, i-Bat ledantevirus 2 ibonise ulwalamano olusondeleyo lwe-phylogenetic ne-virus eyaziwayo ye-Le Dantec eyosulela abantu.
Uphando lwe-serological olulandelayo luxhase olu phando, njengoko ii-antibodies ezithintela i-Bat ledantevirus 2 zafunyanwa kwi-2.8% ye-sera evela kubemi basekuhlaleni. Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba usulelo olungaziwayo okanye olungenazimpawu lusenokuba sele lwenzekile ebantwini, nto leyo ebonisa indlela yokudlulisela i-zoonotic enokubakho kodwa engakhange ibonwe ngaphambili.
3. IiDynamics zoThumelo lweeNtlobo eziNqamlezileyo
Uhlalutyo lokudluliselwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo lubonise ukuba iimpuku zithatha indawo ephambili kwinethiwekhi yokwabelana ngentsholongwane, zisebenza njengeendawo eziphambili ezenza kube lula ukutshintshiselana ngentsholongwane phakathi kweentlobo ezihlala kuzo. Iintsholongwane ezili-15 zizonke zichongiwe njengezinokuba nakho ukudluliselwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo.
Uhlalutyo olongezelelekileyo lweepateni zokudluliselwa kwe-cross-order lubonise ukuba ukwabelana ngentsholongwane kwenzeka rhoqo phakathi kwe-hosts ngaphakathi kolandelelwano olufanayo lwe-taxonomic, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ulwalamano lwe-hosts ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-dynamics yokudluliselwa kwe-transmission. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amalulwane abonakalise amandla aphantsi okudluliselwa kwe-cross-order.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ubungqina bokwanda koluhlu lwezidalwa ezihlala apho bubonwe kwiintsholongwane ezithile. Umzekelo, intsholongwane kaMelian, eyayikade ithathwa njengeyezilwanyana ezihlala apho, ikwafunyenwe nakwiimpuku kolu phononongo, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwindlela ezihlala apho ngayo izilwanyana kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wokosuleleka ngokubanzi.
Izigqibo kunye neziphumo zempilo yoluntu
- Ukwahluka okukhulu kwe-virome kwizilwanyana zasendle ezincinci ezincancisayo:Ukufunyanwa kwee-virus ze-RNA ezingama-39, kuquka iintlobo ezintsha ezingama-26, kutyhila indawo enkulu yokugcina iintsholongwane kulo mmandla kwaye kuxela okokuqala ii-virus ezintsha ezinokubakho okuphezulu kwezilwanyana (umz., iBat ledantevirus 2).
- Iimpuku njengezona zinto ziphambili ekujoliswe kuzo ekujongeni:Iimpuku zisebenza njengeendawo eziphambili zokusasazwa kwentsholongwane kwaye zineentlobo ngeentlobo zentsholongwane, nto leyo ebonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokusasazeka kwayo.
- Imfuneko yeendlela zokubeka esweni ezidibeneyo:Ezi ziphumo zixhasa ukubeka phambili iimpuku kwiinkqubo zokujonga ezisebenzayo kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezidibeneyo ezidibanisa i-metagenomics, i-serology, kunye nokubeka esweni indalo kwiindawo zokudibana kwabantu nezilwanyana zasendle.
Ngokubanzi, olu phononongo lubonelela ngobungqina obubalulekileyo bokuxhasa iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo lomngcipheko wezifo ezivelayo zezilwanyana, nto leyo eqinisa ukubaluleka kokubeka esweni ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.
Ulwazi lweMveliso
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-23-2026