I-China yenye yamazwe angama-30 anomthwalo omkhulu wesifo sephepha ehlabathini, kwaye imeko yobhubhane wesifo sephepha yasekhaya imbi kakhulu. Lo bhubhane usenzima kwezinye iindawo, kwaye amaqela ezikolo ayenzeka ngamanye amaxesha. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wokuthintela nokulawula isifo sephepha unzima kakhulu.
01 Isishwankathelo seSifo sePhepha
Ngowama-2014, i-WHO icebise "icebo lokuphelisa isifo sephepha". Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwanda kwesifo sephepha kwihlabathi liphela kuye kwehla nge-2% kuphela ngonyaka. Xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2015, ukwanda kwesifo sephepha ngo-2020 kwehle nge-11% kuphela. I-WHO iqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-40% ezigulane ezinesifo sephepha azizange zifunyanwe okanye zixelwe ngo-2020. Ukongeza, ukulibaziseka ekuxilongweni kwesifo sephepha kuxhaphake kwihlabathi liphela. Kuqhelekile ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomthwalo omkhulu nakwizigulane ezinosulelo lwe-HIV kunye nokunganyangeki kwamayeza.
Inani lezigulana eziqikelelweyo eTshayina ngo-2021 yayingama-780,000 (842,000 ngo-2020), kwaye ukuxhaphaka okuqikelelweyo kwesifo sephepha yayingama-55 kwi-100,000 (59/100,000 ngo-2020). Inani lababhubhileyo besifo sephepha abangenayo i-HIV eTshayina liqikelelweyo ukuba lingama-30,000, kwaye izinga lokufa ngenxa yesifo sephepha yi-2.1 kwi-100,000.
02 Yintoni isifo sephepha?
Isifo sephepha, esaziwa ngokuba yi-"tuberculosis", sisifo sokuphefumla esingapheliyo esibangelwa yiMycobacterium tuberculosis. Isifo sephepha seMycobacterium sinokungena naphi na emzimbeni (ngaphandle kweenwele namazinyo) kwaye sixhaphake kakhulu emiphungeni. Isifo sephepha emiphungeni simalunga ne-95% yenani lilonke lesifo sephepha, kwaye ezinye izifo zephepha ziquka isifo sephepha se-tuberculous meningitis, isifo sephepha se-tuberculous pleurisy, isifo sephepha samathambo, njl.
03 Isifo sephepha sidluliselwa njani?
Umthombo wosulelo lwesifo sephepha ikakhulu ngabantu abane-sputum smear, kwaye iintsholongwane zesifo sephepha zidluliselwa kakhulu ngamathontsi. Abantu abasempilweni abosulelwe sisifo sephepha abasoloko befumana esi sifo. Ukuba abantu bayasifumana na esi sifo kuxhomekeke ekubeni intsholongwane yesifo sephepha ingakanani na kunye namandla okumelana komzimba.
04 Zithini iimpawu zesifo sephepha?
Iimpawu zesistim: umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukwehla kobunzima.
Iimpawu zokuphefumla: Ukukhwehlela, isikhwehlela segazi, iintlungu zesifuba.
Isisombululo se-05
I-Macro & Micro-Test yenze uthotho lweekhithi zovavanyo lweMycobacterium tuberculosis ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo zokuxilonga isifo sephepha, ukujonga unyango kunye nokungasebenzisi amayeza.
Iingenelo
Isixhobo sokuFumanisa iDNA yeMycobacterium Tuberculosis (iFluorescence PCR)
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Le khithi isebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-PCR amplification kunye nee-fluorescent probes.
3. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: i-LoD yi-100iintsholongwane/mL.
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Ikhithi yokuFumanisa ukuKhathazeka kweMycobacterium Tuberculosis Isoniazid (iFluorescence PCR)
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Le khithi isebenzisa inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-amplification barrier ephuculweyo yangaphakathi edibanisa itekhnoloji ye-ARMS kunye nee-fluorescent probes.
3. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: i-LoD yi-1×103iintsholongwane/mL.
4. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho tshintsho oluhambelanayo notshintsho kwiindawo ezine zokuxhathisa amayeza kwi-rpoB gene (511, 516, 526 kunye ne-531).
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Isixhobo sokubona ukuxhathisa iMycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid kunye neRifampicin Resistance Detection Kit (Melting Curve)
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Le khithi isebenzisa iteknoloji yokubona i-in vitro amplification yendlela ye-melting curve edityaniswe ne-closed fluorescent probe equlethe iziseko ze-RNA.
3. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: i-LoD yi-50 bacteria/mL.
4. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho kudibana kwe-genome yomntu, ezinye ii-mycobacteria ezingenasifo sephepha, kunye neentsholongwane ze-pneumonia; Ukufunyanwa kweendawo zokuguqulwa kwezinye iijini zesifo sephepha seMycobacterium ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza ezifana ne-katG 315G>C\A, InhA-15 C>T.
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Isixhobo sokubona i-Nucleic Acid esisekelwe kwi-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) yesifo sephepha seMycobacterium
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Le khithi isebenzisa indlela yokwandisa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo be-enzyme digestion probe. Iziphumo zokufumanisa zingafunyanwa kwimizuzu engama-30.
3. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: i-LoD yi-1000Copies/mL.
5. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho mpendulo idibeneyo nezinye ii-mycobacteria ze-nontuberculous mycobacteria complex (ezifana neMycobacterium Kansas, Mycobacterium Suga, Mycobacterium nei, njl.njl.) kunye nezinye iintsholongwane (ezifana neStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, njl.njl.).
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| I-HWTS-RT001A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iDNA yeMycobacterium Tuberculosis (iFluorescence PCR) | Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi Uvavanyo oluyi-20/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT105A/B/C | Isixhobo sokubona i-DNA seMycobacterium Tuberculosis esomileyo ngokuqandisa (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi Uvavanyo oluyi-20/ikhithi Uvavanyo/ikhithi ezingama-48 |
| I-HWTS-RT002A | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa ukuxhathisa iMycobacterium Tuberculosis Isoniazid (iFluorescence PCR) | Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT074A | Isixhobo sokubona ukuxhathisa iMycobacterium Tuberculosis Rifampicin Resistance Kit (Fluorescence PCR) | Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT074B | Isixhobo sokubona ukuxhathisa iMycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid kunye neRifampicin Resistance Detection Kit (Melting Curve) | Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT102A | Isixhobo sokubona i-Nucleic Acid esisekelwe kwi-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) yesifo sephepha seMycobacterium | Uvavanyo oluyi-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-RT123A | Ikhithi yokuFumana iMycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid eyomileyo eqandisiweyo (i-Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | Uvavanyo/ikhithi ezingama-48 |
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-24-2023