Ngomhla we-17 kuCanzibe ngo-2023 lusuku lwe-19 lwe-"World Hypertension Day".
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (hypertension) lwaziwa ngokuba "ngumbulali" wempilo yabantu. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezifo zentliziyo, istroke kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo zibangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (hypertension). Ke ngoko, sisenendlela ende ekufuneka siyihambe ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
01 Ukuxhaphaka kwe-hypertension kwihlabathi liphela
Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-1.28 yeebhiliyoni zabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-30-79 ubudala banesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Yi-42% kuphela yezigulane ezine-hypertension ezichongiweyo kwaye zinyangwa, kwaye malunga nesinye kwisihlanu sezigulane silawulwa yi-hypertension yaso. Ngo-2019, inani lokufa okubangelwa yi-hypertension kwihlabathi liphela lidlule kwi-10 yezigidi, elimalunga ne-19% yabo bonke abantu abafayo.
02 Yintoni i-Hypertension?
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu sisifo sentliziyo esibonakaliswa kukunyuka rhoqo kwamanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi kwimithambo yegazi.
Uninzi lwezigulana azinazo iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezicacileyo. Inani elincinci lezigulana ezine-hypertension linokuba nesiyezi, ukudinwa okanye ukopha impumlo. Ezinye izigulana ezine-systolic blood pressure eyi-200mmHg okanye ngaphezulu zisenokungabi nazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo zeklinikhi, kodwa intliziyo, ingqondo, izintso kunye nemithambo yegazi yazo yonakele kakhulu. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, izifo ezisongela ubomi ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo, i-myocardial infarction, ukopha kobuchopho, i-cerebral infarction, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, i-uremia, kunye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ecaleni kwendlela ekugqibeleni kuya kwenzeka.
(1) Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: luchaphazela malunga nama-90-95% ezigulane ezine-hypertension. Lunokunxulunyaniswa nezinto ezininzi ezifana nemfuza, indlela yokuphila, ukutyeba kakhulu, uxinzelelo kunye nobudala.
(2) Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: lubangela malunga ne-5-10% yezigulana ezine-hypertension. Kukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi okubangelwa zezinye izifo okanye amayeza, anje ngesifo sezintso, iingxaki ze-endocrine, isifo sentliziyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza, njl.njl.
03 Unyango ngamayeza kubantu abanesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi
Imigaqo yonyango lwe-hypertension yile: ukuthatha amayeza ixesha elide, ukulawula amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuphucula iimpawu, ukuthintela nokulawula iingxaki, njl. Amanyathelo onyango aquka ukuphucula indlela yokuphila, ulawulo lomntu ngamnye loxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokulawula izinto ezinobungozi bentliziyo, phakathi kwazo ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yonyango.
Iingcali zonyango zihlala zikhetha indibaniselwano yamayeza ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba loxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomngcipheko wentliziyo yesigulana, kwaye zidibanise unyango lwamayeza ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olusebenzayo loxinzelelo lwegazi. Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi asetyenziswa rhoqo zizigulana aquka i-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), i-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), i-β-blockers, i-calcium channel blockers (CCB), kunye ne-diuretics.
04 Uvavanyo lwe-genetic lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngabanye kwizigulana ezine-hypertension
Okwangoku, amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi asetyenziswa rhoqo kwizonyango ngokubanzi anomahluko ahlukeneyo, kwaye isiphumo sokunyanga samayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi sinxulumene kakhulu ne-polymorphisms yemfuza. I-Pharmacogenomics inokucacisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwempendulo yomntu ngamnye kumayeza kunye nokwahluka kwemfuza, okufana nesiphumo sokunyanga, inqanaba lomthamo kunye nokulinda iimpendulo ezimbi. Oogqirha abachonga iinjongo zemfuza ezibandakanyekayo ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi kwizigulana banokunceda ukwenza amayeza abe semgangathweni.
Ngoko ke, ukufunyanwa kwe-polymorphisms ye-gene enxulumene namayeza kunokubonelela ngobungqina obufanelekileyo be-genetic ekukhetheni iintlobo zamayeza ezifanelekileyo kunye needosi zamayeza, kwaye kuphuculwe ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamayeza.
05 Inani labantu abafanelekileyo kuvavanyo lwemfuza lwamayeza ahlukeneyo oxinzelelo lwegazi
(1) Izigulana ezine-hypertension
(2) Abantu abanembali yosapho lwabo ye-hypertension
(3) Abantu abaye baba neempembelelo ezimbi kwiziyobisi
(4) Abantu abanempembelelo embi kunyango lwamayeza
(5) Abantu abafuna ukuthatha amayeza amaninzi ngaxeshanye
Izisombululo ze-06
I-Macro & Micro-Test iphuhlise izixhobo ezininzi zokufumanisa ukukhanya ukuze inike isikhokelo kunye nokuchonga amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, inika isisombululo esipheleleyo nesibanzi sokukhokela amayeza eklinikhi ahlukeneyo kunye nokuvavanya umngcipheko weempembelelo ezimbi kakhulu kwiziyobisi:
Le mveliso ingafumanisa ii-gene loci ezisi-8 ezinxulumene namayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neendidi ezi-5 eziphambili zamayeza (ii-B adrenergic receptor blockers, ii-angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ii-angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ii-calcium antagonists kunye ne-diuretics), isixhobo esibalulekileyo esinokukhokela amayeza eklinikhi ahlukeneyo kwaye sivavanye umngcipheko weempembelelo ezimbi kakhulu zamayeza. Ngokubona ii-enzymes eziguqula amayeza kunye nee-genes ezijolise kumayeza, oogqirha banokukhokelwa ukuba bakhethe amayeza afanelekileyo okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nedosi kwizigulana ezithile, kwaye baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lonyango lwamayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi.
Kulula ukuyisebenzisa: kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yokunyibilika kwegophe, ii-reaction wells ezimbini zinokubona iindawo ezisi-8.
Uvakalelo oluphezulu: umda ophantsi wokufumanisa yi-10.0ng/μL.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Kuvavanywe iisampulu ezingama-60 zizonke, kwaye iindawo ze-SNP zejini nganye zazihambelana neziphumo zokulandelelana kwesizukulwana esilandelayo okanye ukulandelana kwesizukulwana sokuqala, kwaye izinga lempumelelo yokufumanisa yayiyi-100%.
Iziphumo ezithembekileyo: ulawulo lomgangatho wangaphakathi olusemgangathweni lunokujonga yonke inkqubo yokufumanisa.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-17-2023