1 yintoni imalariya
Imalariya sisifo esibangelwa zizinambuzane esinokuthintelwa nesinganyangekiyo, esaziwa ngokuba yi "shakes" kunye "nomkhuhlane obandayo", kwaye sesinye sezifo ezosulelayo ezisongela ubomi babantu kwihlabathi liphela.
I-Malaria sisifo esosulelayo esithwalwa zizinambuzane esibangelwa kukulunywa yi-Anopheles okanye ukufakelwa igazi kubantu abane-plasmodium.
Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-plasmodium parasitic emzimbeni womntu:
Iindawo ezimbini zesifo esibulalayo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubhubhane we-malaria kwihlabathi liphela usengumngcipheko omkhulu, kwaye malunga nama-40% abemi behlabathi bahlala kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo yi-malaria.
I-Malaria isesesona sifo sibi kakhulu kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika, apho abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-500 bahlala kwiindawo ezihlala i-malaria. Unyaka ngamnye, abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-100 kwihlabathi liphela baneempawu ze-malaria, ama-90% abo akwilizwekazi lase-Afrika, kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 bafa yi-malaria minyaka le. Umzantsi-mpuma nombindi we-Asia nazo ziindawo apho i-malaria ixhaphake khona. I-Malaria isaxhaphake kakhulu kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Melika.
Ngomhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela ngo-2021, i-WHO yabhengeza ukuba iTshayina iqinisekisiwe ukuba ayinayo imalariya.
3 indlela yokudlulisela i-malariya
01. Ukudluliselwa kwengcongconi
Indlela ephambili yokudlulisela:
Ukulunywa yingcongconi ephethe iplasmodium.
02. Ukudluliselwa kwegazi
I-malaria yokuzalwa ingabangelwa yi-placenta eyonakeleyo okanye igazi likamama elinosulelo lwe-plasmodium ngexesha lokubeleka.
Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba wosulelwe yimalariya ngokungenisa igazi elinosulelo lweplasmodium.
4 Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zemalariya
Ukususela ekusulelekeni kwabantu ngeplasmodium ukuya ekuqaleni (ubushushu bomlomo obungaphezulu kwama-37.8℃), ibizwa ngokuba lixesha lokufukama.
Ixesha lokufukama liquka lonke ixesha le-infrared kunye nomjikelo wokuqala wokuzala wexesha elibomvu. I-General vivax malaria, i-ovoid malaria iintsuku ezili-14, i-falciparum malaria iintsuku ezili-12, kunye ne-malaria yeentsuku ezintathu iintsuku ezingama-30.
Amanani ahlukeneyo e-protozoa eyosulelekileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, amajoni omzimba ahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zosulelo zonke zinokubangela amaxesha ahlukeneyo okufukamela.
Kukho iintlobo zezinambuzane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-long latency kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, ezinokuba zide kangangeenyanga ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-14.
Ixesha lokufukama kwesifo sosulelo lokutofelwa igazi liziintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. I-malaria yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa inexesha elifutshane lokufukama.
Ixesha lokufukamela linokwandiswa kubantu abanesifo esithile okanye abo bathathe amayeza okuthintela isifo.
5 Ukuthintela nonyango
01. I-Malaria isasazeka ziingcongconi. Ukuzikhusela komntu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukulunywa ziingcongconi. Ingakumbi ngaphandle, zama ukunxiba impahla yokuzikhusela, efana nemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe. Ulusu olubonakalayo lunokugqunywa ngesixovuli seengcongconi.
02. Yenza umsebenzi olungileyo ekukhuseleni usapho, sebenzisa inethi zeengcongconi, vala iingcango kunye nezikrini, kwaye utshize amayeza okubulala iingcongconi kwigumbi lokulala ngaphambi kokuba ulale.
03. Nika ingqalelo kucoceko lokusingqongileyo, susa inkunkuma kunye nokhula, ugcwalise imingxunya yelindle, kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo ekulawuleni iingcongconi.
isisombululo
I-Macro-Micro kunye ne-TEstIphuhlise uthotho lweekhithi zokufumanisa isifo semalariya, ezinokusetyenziswa kwiqonga le-PCR le-fluorescence, iqonga lokukhulisa i-isothermal kunye neqonga le-immunochromatography, kwaye ibonelela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo nesibanzi sokuxilonga, ukujonga unyango kunye nokuqikelela usulelo lwe-plasmodium:
01/iqonga le-immunochromatographic
I-Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenIkhithi yokuFumanisa
Ikhithi yokufumanisa i-antigen yePlasmodium falciparum
Ikhithi yokubona i-Plasmodium antigen
Ifanelekile ukufumanisa nokuchonga iPlasmodium falciparum (PF), iPlasmodium vivax (PV), iPlasmodium ovatum (PO) okanye iPlasmodium vivax (PM) egazini lemithambo yegazi okanye egazini le-capillary labantu abaneempawu zemalariya kunye neempawu kwi-vitro, kwaye inokwenza uxilongo oluncedisayo losulelo lweplasmodium.
Ukusebenza okulula: indlela enamanyathelo amathathu
Ukugcinwa nokuhanjiswa kobushushu begumbi: Ukugcinwa nokuhanjiswa kobushushu begumbi kangangeenyanga ezingama-24.
Iziphumo ezichanekileyo: uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokucacisa.
Iqonga le-PCR le-02/fluorescent
Ikhithi yokufumanisa i-Plasmodium nucleic acid
Ifanelekile ukufumanisa nokuchonga iPlasmodium falciparum (PF), iPlasmodium vivax (PV), iPlasmodium ovatum (PO) okanye iPlasmodium vivax (PM) egazini lemithambo yegazi okanye egazini le-capillary labantu abaneempawu zemalariya kunye neempawu kwi-vitro, kwaye inokwenza uxilongo oluncedisayo losulelo lweplasmodium.
Ulawulo lomgangatho wesalathiso sangaphakathi: jonga ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Iikopi ezi-5/μL
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho mpendulo idibeneyo nezifo ezixhaphakileyo zokuphefumla.
03/Iqonga lokukhulisa ubushushu rhoqo.
Ikhithi yokufumanisa i-Plasmodium nucleic acid
Ifanelekile ukufumanisa i-plasmodium nucleic acid ngokwemigangatho kwiisampuli zegazi ezingaphandle ekucingelwa ukuba zosulelwe yi-plasmodium.
Ulawulo lomgangatho wesalathiso sangaphakathi: jonga ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Iikopi ezi-5/μL
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho mpendulo idibeneyo nezifo ezixhaphakileyo zokuphefumla.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-26-2024