[USuku Lwehlabathi Lokuthintelwa Kwesifo seengcongconi] Yiqonde isifo seengcongconi, yakha indlela yokuzikhusela esempilweni, kwaye ukwale ukuhlaselwa “yisifo seengcongconi”

1 yintoni isifo seengcongconi

Isifo seengcongconi sisifo sezifunxi-gazi esithintelekayo nesinyangekayo, esaziwa ngokuba yi "shakes" kunye "nomkhuhlane obandayo", kwaye sesinye sezifo ezosulelayo ezibeka esichengeni ubomi bomntu kwihlabathi jikelele.

Isifo seengcongconi sisifo esosulelayo esisasazwa zizinambuzane esibangelwa kukulunywa nguAnopheles okanye ukutofelwa igazi kubantu abaneplasmodium.

Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-plasmodium parasitic emzimbeni womntu:

Iindawo ezi-2 zendyikityha

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubhubhani wesifo seengcongconi wehlabathi usemandundu kakhulu, kwaye malunga nama-40% abantu behlabathi bahlala kwiindawo ezithwaxwa yimalariya.

Isifo seengcongconi isesona sifo siyingozi kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, sinabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-500 abahlala kwiindawo ezithwaxwa yimalariya. Rhoqo ngonyaka, malunga ne-100 lezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela baneempawu zekliniki zemalariya, i-90% yazo ikwilizwekazi laseAfrika, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi zabantu babulawa sisifo seengcongconi minyaka le. UMzantsi-mpuma nombindi weAsia ukwayindawo apho isifo seengcongconi sigqugqise khona. Isifo seengcongconi sixhaphakile kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika.

NgoJuni 30, 2021, iWHO yabhengeza ukuba iTshayina yaqinisekiswa njengengenayo isifo seengcongconi.

3 indlela yosulelo lwemalariya

01. Ukosulela kweengcongconi

Eyona ndlela yothumelo:

Lunywa yingcongconi ethwele iplasmodium.

02. Ukusasazwa kwegazi

Imalariya yokuzalwa inokubangelwa yi-placenta eyonakeleyo okanye igazi likamama elosulelwe yiplasmodium ngexesha lokubeleka.

Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba wosulelwe yimalariya ngokungenisa igazi elingena kwi-plasmodium.

4 Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo seengcongconi

Ukusuka kusulelo lomntu ngeplasmodium ukuya ekuqaleni (ubushushu bomlomo obungaphezulu kwe-37.8℃), ibizwa ngokuba lixesha lokufukamela.

Ixesha le-incubation libandakanya lonke ixesha le-infrared kunye nomjikelezo wokuqala wokuzala wexesha elibomvu. I-General vivax malaria, i-ovoid malaria iintsuku ezili-14, i-falciparum malaria iintsuku ezili-12, kunye ne-malaria yeentsuku ezintathu iintsuku ezingama-30.

Izixa ezahlukeneyo zeprotozoa ezosulelekileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukhuselo lomzimba olwahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zosulelo zonke zinokubangela amaxesha awohlukeneyo okufukamela.

Kukho oko kubizwa ngokuba ziintlobo zezinambuzane ze-latency ezinde kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ezinokuthatha iinyanga ezi-8 ~ 14.

Ixesha lokufukamela losulelo lotofelo-gazi luziintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. Imalariya engekazalwa inexesha elifutshane lokufukamela.

Ixesha lokufukamela linokwandiswa kubantu abane-immunity ethile okanye abo bathathe amachiza othintelo.

5 Uthintelo kunye nonyango

01. IMalariya isasazwa ziingcongconi. Ukukhuselwa komntu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthintela ukulunywa ziingcongconi. Ngokukodwa ngaphandle, zama ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo, njengemikhono emide neebhulukhwe. Ulusu oluveziweyo lunokwaleka ngesithinteli seengcongconi.

02. Yenza umsebenzi omhle wokukhusela usapho, sebenzisa inethi zengcongconi, iingcango ezikhuselayo kunye nezikhuselo, kwaye utshize amayeza okubulala iingcongconi kwigumbi lokulala ngaphambi kokuba ulale.

03. Nika ingqalelo ucoceko lokusingqongileyo, susa inkunkuma kunye nokhula, ugcwalise imingxuma yogutyulo, kwaye wenze umsebenzi omhle ekulawuleni iingcongconi.

isisombululo

IMacro-Micro & TEstiphuhlise uthotho lwezixhobo zokufumanisa isifo seengcongconi, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiqonga le-PCR le-fluorescence, iqonga le-isothermal amplification kunye neqonga le-immunochromatography, kwaye libonelele ngesisombululo esipheleleyo nesibanzi soxilongo, ukujonga unyango kunye noxilongo losulelo lwe-plasmodium:

01 / iqonga immunochromatographic

IPlasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenIkhithi yokubona

Plasmodium falciparum antigen ikhithi yokubona

Ikhithi yokufumanisa i-antigen ye-Plasmodium

Ifanelekile ukufumanisa umgangatho kunye nokuchongwa kwePlasmodium falciparum (PF), iPlasmodium vivax (PV), i-Plasmodium ovatum (PO) okanye i-Plasmodium vivax (PM) kwigazi le-venous okanye igazi le-capillary labantu abaneempawu ze-malaria kunye neempawu kwi-vitro, kwaye inokwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-plasmodium encedisayo.

Ukusebenza okulula: indlela yamanyathelo amathathu

Ukugcinwa kweqondo lokushisa kwegumbi kunye nokuhamba: Ukugcinwa kweqondo lokushisa kwegumbi kunye nokuthutha iinyanga ezingama-24.

Iziphumo ezichanekileyo: ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye neenkcukacha.

02/iqonga le-PCR lefluorescent

Ikhithi yokufumanisa i-Plasmodium nucleic acid

Ifanelekile ukufumanisa umgangatho kunye nokuchongwa kwePlasmodium falciparum (PF), iPlasmodium vivax (PV), i-Plasmodium ovatum (PO) okanye i-Plasmodium vivax (PM) kwigazi le-venous okanye igazi le-capillary labantu abaneempawu ze-malaria kunye neempawu kwi-vitro, kwaye inokwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-plasmodium encedisayo.

Ulawulo lomgangatho wereferensi yangaphakathi: ukubeka iliso ngokubanzi inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokulinga.

Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Iikopi ezi-5/μL

Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho mpendulo yesiphambano kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumla.

03/Iqonga lokukhulisa ubushushu rhoqo.

Ikhithi yokufumanisa i-Plasmodium nucleic acid

Ilungele ukufunyaniswa okusemgangathweni kwe-plasmodium nucleic acid kwiisampulu zegazi ezijikelezayo ekurhaneleka ukuba zosulelwe yiplasmodium.

Ulawulo lomgangatho wereferensi yangaphakathi: ukubeka iliso ngokubanzi inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokulinga.

Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Iikopi ezi-5/μL

Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: akukho mpendulo yesiphambano kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumla.