Unyaka ngamnye nge-17 ka-Epreli luSuku lweHlabathi loMhlaza.
Isishwankathelo se-01 sezehlo zomhlaza kwihlabathi liphela
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kobomi babantu kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukwanda kwezimila kuyanda minyaka le.
Iithumba ezinobungozi (umhlaza) zibe yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu zempilo yoluntu ezisongela kakhulu impilo yabantu baseTshayina. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zamva nje, ukufa kweethumba ezinobungozi kubangela i-23.91% yazo zonke izizathu zokufa phakathi kwabemi, kwaye ukwanda nokufa kweethumba ezinobungozi kuqhubekile nokunyuka kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Kodwa umhlaza awuthethi "isigwebo sokufa." I-World Health Organisation icacisile ukuba ukuba nje ifunyenwe kwangethuba, i-60%-90% yomhlaza inokunyangeka! Isinye kwisithathu somhlaza sinokuthintelwa, isinye kwisithathu somhlaza siyanyangeka, kwaye isinye kwisithathu somhlaza sinokunyangwa ukuze kwandiswe ubomi.
02 Yintoni ithumba
Ithumba libhekisa kwindalo entsha eyenziwe kukwanda kweeseli zezicubu zasekuhlaleni phantsi kwesenzo sezinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela isifo. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba iiseli zethumba zifumana utshintsho olwahlukileyo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, iiseli zethumba zinokuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwimeko-bume yesifo ngokutshintsha phakathi kwe-glycolysis kunye ne-oxidative phosphorylation.
03 Unyango Lomhlaza Olwahlukileyo
Unyango lomhlaza olulungiselelwe umntu ngamnye lusekelwe kulwazi lokuxilonga lwezakhi zofuzo ezijoliswe kwisifo kunye neziphumo zophando lwezonyango olusekelwe kubungqina. Lubonelela ngesiseko sokuba izigulana zifumane isicwangciso sonyango esichanekileyo, esiye saba yindlela yophuhliso lwezonyango lwanamhlanje. Izifundo zeklinikhi ziqinisekisile ukuba ngokufumanisa utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-biomarkers, uhlobo lwe-SNP yezakhi zofuzo, i-gene kunye nesimo sayo sokubonakaliswa kweproteni kwiisampulu zebhayoloji zezigulane ezinethumba ukuqikelela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza kunye nokuvavanya i-prognosis, kunye nokukhokela unyango olulungiselelwe umntu ngamnye lweklinikhi, lunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye lunciphise iimpendulo ezimbi, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwezixhobo zonyango.
Uvavanyo lweemolekyuli zomhlaza lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili: ukuxilongwa, ufuzo, kunye nonyango. Uvavanyo lonyango luphambili lwento ebizwa ngokuba yi "therapy pathology" okanye unyango lomntu ngamnye, kwaye ii-antibodies ezininzi kunye nezithinteli zemolekyuli ezincinci ezinokujolisa kwiijini eziphambili ze-tumor kunye neendlela zokubonisa zinokusetyenziswa kunyango lwee-tumor.
Unyango olujoliswe kwimolekyuli lweethumba lujolise kwiimolekyuli eziphawulayo zeeseli zethumba kwaye lungenelele kwinkqubo yeeseli ezinomhlaza. Isiphumo salo sikwiiseli zethumba ikakhulu, kodwa alunampembelelo ingako kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. Ii-receptors ze-tumor growth factor, iimolekyuli ze-signal transduction, iiproteni zomjikelo weseli, abalawuli be-apoptosis, ii-enzymes ze-proteolytic, i-vascular endothelial growth factor, njl. zonke zingasetyenziswa njengeethagethi ze-molecular zonyango lwe-tumor. Ngomhla wama-28 kuDisemba, ngo-2020, "Amanyathelo Olawulo Okusetyenziswa Kweklinikhi Kweziyobisi Ezichasene Nezifo (Uvavanyo)" ezikhutshwe yiKhomishini yezeMpilo nezeMpilo yeSizwe yacacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba: Kumayeza aneethagethi ze-gene ezicacileyo, umgaqo wokuwasebenzisa kufuneka ulandelwe emva kovavanyo lwe-gene olujoliswe kuyo.
04 Uvavanyo lwemfuza olujoliswe kwi-tumor
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zotshintsho lwemfuza kwiithumba, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotshintsho lwemfuza zisebenzisa amayeza ahlukeneyo ekujoliswe kuwo. Kuphela kukucacisa uhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza nokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo unyango lwamayeza ekujoliswe kuwo apho izigulane zinokuzuza khona. Iindlela zokufumanisa iimolekyuli zisetyenzisiwe ukufumanisa umahluko wemfuza ezinxulumene namayeza ekujoliswe kuwo kwiithumba. Ngokuhlalutya impembelelo yotshintsho lwemfuza ekusebenzeni kwamayeza, sinokunceda oogqirha ukuba baphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo somntu ngamnye.
Isisombululo se-05
I-Macro & Micro-Test iphuhlise uthotho lweekhithi zokufumanisa i-tumor gene, ezibonelela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo sonyango olujolise kwi-tumor.
Ikhithi yokuHlola utshintsho lwe-EGFR Gene 29 yabantu (I-PCR yeFluorescence)
Le khithi isetyenziselwa ukubona utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwi-exons 18-21 ye-EGFR gene ngokwe-in vitro kwiisampuli ezivela kwizigulane zomhlaza wemiphunga ezingezizo iiseli ezincinci zabantu.
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Ukufunyanwa kwesisombululo se-nucleic acid reaction kungafumanisa ngokuzinzileyo izinga lokuguquka kwe-1% phantsi kwemvelaphi ye-3ng/μL wild type.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho mpendulo idibeneyo ne-DNA ye-genomic yomntu yohlobo lwasendle kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi yokuFumanisa utshintsho lwe-KRAS 8 (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi yenzelwe ukufumanisa utshintsho olukwi-vitro kwiinguqu ezisi-8 kwi-codons 12 kunye ne-13 ze-K-ras gene kwi-DNA ekhutshiweyo kwiindawo ze-pathological ezifakwe kwi-paraffin yomntu.
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Ukufunyanwa kwesisombululo se-nucleic acid reaction kungafumanisa ngokuzinzileyo izinga lokuguquka kwe-1% phantsi kwemvelaphi ye-3ng/μL wild type.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho mpendulo idibeneyo ne-DNA ye-genomic yomntu yohlobo lwasendle kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi yokuFumana uTshintsho lweMfuzo ye-Human EML4-ALK (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi isetyenziselwa ukubona ngokwemigangatho iintlobo ezili-12 zotshintsho lwe-EML4-ALK fusion gene kwiisampuli zabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga kwiiseli ezincinci kwi-vitro.
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Le khithi inokubhaqa utshintsho oludibeneyo olufikelela kwiikopi ezingama-20.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho mpendulo idibeneyo ne-DNA ye-genomic yomntu yohlobo lwasendle kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi yokuFumana uTshintsho lweZizalo ze-Human ROS1 (i-Fluorescence PCR)
Le khithi isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iintlobo ezili-14 ze-ROS1 fusion gene mutations kwiisampuli zomhlaza wemiphunga ezingezizo ezincinci zabantu.
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Le khithi inokubhaqa utshintsho oludibeneyo olufikelela kwiikopi ezingama-20.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho mpendulo idibeneyo ne-DNA ye-genomic yomntu yohlobo lwasendle kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-mutant.
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Ikhithi yokuFumanisa uTshintsho lweGene V600E yeBreathe (iFluorescence PCR)
Le khithi yovavanyo isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ngokwemigangatho utshintsho lwe-BRAF gene V600E kwiisampuli zezicubu ezifakwe kwiparafini ze-melanoma yomntu, umhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza we-thyroid kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga kwi-vitro.
1. Le nkqubo ingenisa ulawulo lomgangatho lwangaphakathi, olunokubeka esweni ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wovavanyo.
2. Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Ukufunyanwa kwesisombululo se-nucleic acid reaction kungafumanisa ngokuzinzileyo izinga lokuguquka kwe-1% phantsi kwemvelaphi ye-3ng/μL wild type.
3. Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: Akukho mpendulo idibeneyo ne-DNA ye-genomic yomntu yohlobo lwasendle kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-mutant.
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| Inombolo yeKhathalogu | Igama lemveliso | Inkcazo |
| I-HWTS-TM012A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa utshintsho lwe-EGFR Gene 29 yabantu (i-Fluorescence PCR） | Iimvavanyo ezili-16/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-32/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM014A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa iiMpawu zeKRAS 8 (iFluorescence PCR) | Iimvavanyo ezingama-24/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM006A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumana uTshintsho lweMfuzo ye-Human EML4-ALK (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM009A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumana uTshintsho lweZizalo ze-Human ROS1 (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Iimvavanyo ezingama-20/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-50/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-TM007A/B | Ikhithi yokuFumanisa uTshintsho lweBreakfast yeGene V600E yabantu (iFluorescence PCR) | Iimvavanyo ezingama-24/ikhithi, iimvavanyo ezingama-48/ikhithi |
| I-HWTS-GE010A | Ikhithi yokuFumana uTshintsho lweMfuzo ye-BCR-ABL yeHuman (i-Fluorescence PCR) | Uvavanyo oluyi-24/ikhithi |
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-17-2023