Uhlaziyo lweMpox Global kunye noxilongo oluPhambili

1. Uhlaziyo lwe-Mpox kwi-Epidemiological Global (ukusukela ngoMatshi 2026)

I-Mpox, ebangelwa yintsholongwane yeMonkeypox (MPXV), isaqhubeka nokuba yingxaki yezempilo yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela nangona iphelile ukubizwa kwayo njengeNgxamiseko yezeMpilo yoLuntu yeNgxamiseko yaMazwe ngaMazwe (PHEIC) yi-World Health Organisation. Ukusasazeka okuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezininzi kubonisa imfuneko yokubaukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kunye namandla aphezulu okuxilonga.

Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka ubhubhane kumazwe ngamazwe ngo-2022, phantse amatyala ayi-128,000 aqinisekisiweyo elebhu kunye nokufa okungama-281 kuye kwaxelwa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-130 [1]. Ngo-2025 kuphela, amatyala angama-50,751 aqinisekisiweyo kunye nokufa okungama-206 abhalwe phantsi ngamazwe angama-96, kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-90% amatyala enzeka eAfrika. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iSierra Leone, kunye neUganda zazimalunga nama-32,000 amatyala, nto leyo egxininisa umthwalo ongalinganiyo kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo [1].

Zonke ii-MPXV clades eziphambili (Ia, Ib, kunye ne-II) ziyaqhubeka nokusasazeka. Ukuvela kunye nokusasazeka kweClade Ib kwihlabathi liphela—kuquka ukufunyanwa kokuqala kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech, kwaSirayeli, eMadagascar, naseNepal—kunye nokusasazwa koluntu okubhaliweyo eFransi, e-Itali, naseSpain, kubonisa ukubaiinguqu ezitshintshayo zothumelo[1].

2. Iimpawu zeKlinikhi kunye nemingeni yokuxilonga

I-Mpox ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ukusuka kusulelo olungenazimpawu ukuya kwisifo esibi kakhulu somzimba. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziqukaumkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, i-lymphadenopathy, i-myalgia, kunye nokudinwanjl. njl.Irhashalala ephawulekayo iyavelaamanqanaba e-macular, papular, vesicular, kunye ne-pustular ngaphambi kokuba i-crust iqale, kwaye ingabandakanyaubuso, imilenze, i-mucosa yomlomo, kunye nemimandla ye-anogenital.

Nangona uninzi lweemeko zizenzela umda kwiiveki ezi-2-4, iziphumo ezibi zinokwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abasesichengeni, kuqukaiintsana, abafazi abakhulelweyo, kunye nabantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka(umz., usulelo lwe-HIV oluqhubele phambili) [2].

Ukwanda kokubonakaliswa okungaqhelekanga nokungacacanga, kuquka namatyala angenazimpawu, kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo yokuxilonga. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyouxilongo olunovakalelo oluphezulu, oluchanekileyo, nolukhawulezileyo ukuxhasa ukubonwa kwangethuba kunye nokuphazamisa imixokelelwane yokudlulisela.

3. Ukuthintela, Ulawulo, kunye nendima yokuxilonga

Ukudluliselwa kwe-MPXV kwenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ukudibana ngqo nezilonda okanye ulwelo lomzimba, amathontsi okuphefumla ngexesha lokudibana okusondeleyo ixesha elide, ukudluliselwa ngokwesondo, iifomite ezingcolisiweyo, kunye nokudluliselwa ngokuthe nkqo.

Amanyathelo olawulo aphambili aquka:

• -Ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwahlulwa kwamatyala
• -Ukulandelela abo baqhagamshelwe kunye nokubeka esweni uluntu
• -Unxibelelwano olunobungozi kunye nokungenelela kokuziphatha
• -Ukugonywa kokuthintela ukusasazeka kwangaphambi nasemva kokuchatshazelwa

I-WHO igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisa amandla elebhu kunye nokusasazaizixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuxilonga ezenzelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo—ukusuka kuvavanyo olukhawulezileyo olusasazwayo ukuya kumaqonga okujonga i-genomic aphakathi[1].

4. Uvavanyo lweMacro kunye nolweMicro: Izisombululo zokuHlola eziDibeneyo eziqhutywa buBuchule boBugcisa

Ngokuchasene nemeko yotshintsho lwe-mpox epidemiology, iMacro & Micro-Test iphuhlise ipotifoliyo yokuxilonga ebanzi, enamaqonga amaninzi, ebonisa amandla aqinileyo kuyilo lovavanyo, ubunjineli bemolekyuli, kunye nokusetyenziswa koguqulelo.

4.1 Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Immunochromatographic: Uvavanyo olufikelelekayo lweNdawo yoKhathalelo

Le nkampani ibonelela ngokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kwezixhobo kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20, ixhasa uvavanyo olusasazwayo kunye nokuhlolwa okukhulu:

• Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Antigen (HWTS-OT079):
  • Ukusampula okulula (ulwelo lwerhashalala/iswabhu yomlomo, iserum)
  • Umda wokufunyanwa (LoD): 20 pg/mL
  • Ukugubungela ububanzi be-clade (Clade I & II)
  • Akukho kuphinda-phindana kwemisebenzi kunyeokufanayoiintsholongwane
  • Isivumelwano sepesenti iyonke (i-OPA): 96.4% xa kuthelekiswa novavanyo lokukhulisa i-nucleic acid (ii-NAAT)
• Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-IgM/IgG Antibody (HWTS-OT145):
  • Ukusampula okulula (igazi elipheleleyo, i-serum, i-plasma)
  • Uchonga i-IgM kunye ne-IgG ukuze kugqitywe amanqanaba okusuleleka kwe-mpox
  • Ifanelekile kuphando lwe-seroepidemiological

Ezi zilingo zenzelwe ukuzinza (4–30°C, iinyanga ezingama-24), zijongana nemida yokulungiselela kwiindawo ezinqongopheleyo kwezixhobo.

4.2 Ukwandiswa kwe-Isothermal (EPIA): Ukufunyanwa kweeMolekyuli ezikhawulezayo kakhulu

Ikhithi yokubona i-nucleic acid esekwe kwi-EPIA (HWTS-OT200) imele inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ekuxilongweni ngokukhawuleza kweemolekyuli:

• I-LoD: iikopi ezingama-200/mL (ezithelekiswa ne-qPCR)
• Ixesha lokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle: ngokukhawuleza kangangemizuzu emi-5
• Uvavanyo olufunekayo oluvulwa ziimodyuli ezizimeleyo ze-Easy Amp System
• Ifomyula eyongeziweyo evumela ukugcinwa kobushushu begumbi
• Ukusebenza kweklinikhi: (PPA: 100%, NPA: 100%, OPA: 100%) (Kappa = 1.000)

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, olu vavanyo alubonisi ukuba kukho ukudibana kweentsholongwane ze-orthopox (i-smallpox, i-vaccinia, i-cowpox) okanye iintsholongwane ze-herpes eziqhelekileyo (i-HSV, i-VZV), nto leyo ebonisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kohlalutyo.

4.3 I-Fluorescence qPCR: Uvavanyo oluQondwa yi-WHO olune-Sensitivity ephezulu

Ipotifoliyo ye-PCR ye-fluorescence ye-Macro & Micro-Test igxininisa ukuthobela kwayo imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqatshelwa kwemithetho:

• I-HWTS-OT071 (i-WHO EUL-listed):
  • Uyilo olujolise kwiindawo ezimbini oluqinisekisa ukuqina okuphezulu
  • I-LoD: Iikopi ezingama-200/mL
  • Isampuli eguquguqukayo yolwelo lwerhashalala, i-throat swab kunye ne-serum
  • Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokwenza izinto ngokudibeneyosintsholongwane ye-mallpox, intsholongwane ye-vaccinia, intsholongwane ye-cowpox, intsholongwane ye-mousepox, intsholongwane ye-herpes simplex, intsholongwane ye-varicella-zoster, kunye ne-genome yomntu, njl..
  • Ukusebenza kweklinikhi: i-PPA 100%, i-NPA 99.40%, i-OPA 99.64% xa kuthelekiswa nokulandelelana
• Ikhithi ye-qPCR eyomiswe ngokuqandisa (HWTS-OT078):
  
  • Iphelisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-cold-chain ngelixa igcina ukusebenza kakuhle
  • Ikhithi yokuFumanisa i-Orthopox Universal (HWTS-OT072):
    • Ukufunyanwa ngaxeshanye kweentsholongwane ezine ze-orthopox zabantu(Kuqukwa neMpox)
    • I-LoD: Iikopi ezingama-200/mL
    • Ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela okuxutyiweyo kunye neentsholongwane ezifanayo
    • Inciphisa umngcipheko wokuxilongwa gwenxa kwaye iphucula ukuchongwa okuhlukeneyo
    • Intsholongwane yeMonkeypoxIkhithi yokuchwetheza (HWTS-OT201):
      • Ivumela umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kweClade I kunye neClade II
      • I-LoD: Iikopi ezingama-200/mL
      • Kubalulekile ukulandelelwa kwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunye nophando lokuqhambuka kwayo

  4.4 Ulandelelwano lweGenome Epheleleyo: Ukuvumela ukuJongwa kweGenomic kunye nokuLandelwa kweVariant

  I-Macro kunye ne-Micro-Test zibonisa ngakumbi amandla aphucukileyo kwi-pathogen genomics ngezisombululo zayo zokulandelelana kwe-genome epheleleyo:

  • InkawuirhashalalaI-Virus Universal Whole Genome Kit (Ii-Multi-PCR NGS) (HWTS-TW0042):
    • Ixesha lokutshintsha: iiyure ezi-6–8
    • Ukugubungela i-genome ye-≥98% (Ct ≤32)
    • Ukuhambelana okuguquguqukayo kunye ne-multiple2^nd kunye ne-3^rd isizukulwanaamaqonga okulandelelanisa(ONT, Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
    • I-Ultra-sensitiveInkawuirhashalalaIntsholongwane Ukufunyanwa kweGenome epheleleyoIikiti (I-Illumina/MGI) (HWTS-TW0041/0043):
      • Umda wokufumanisa: Ct ≤35
      • Uyilo lweprimer enoxinano oluphezulu (1,448)izibini ze-200bpii-amplicons)
      • Iqinisekiswe ngeesampuli zeklinikhi ezingaphezu kwama-400
      • Fukuhambelana okulula kunye ne-multiple2^nd isizukulwanaamaqonga okulandelelanisa(Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)

   
  

  Izibalo zeklinikhi zokulandelelana kweGenome epheleleyo yeMpox Virus

  

  Ukugubungela i-Mpox Virus Whole Genome Sequencing

  Ezi zixhobo zeMpox WGS zixhasa i-genomic epidemiology enesisombululo esiphezulu, kubandakanya ukulandelwa kwenguqu, imephu yokudluliselwa, kunye nohlalutyo lwenguquko eyahlukileyo.

  5. Isiphelo: Ukuphucula uLawulo lweMpox lweHlabathi ngokuGqwesa kweSayensi

  Ukuqhubeka kokujikeleza kwe-MPXV kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokwahlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kufuna icebo lokuxilonga elinamanqanaba amaninzi elihlanganisa ukuvavanywa okukhawulezileyo, uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa iimolekyuli, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-genomic.

  Inkqubo ebanzi yokuxilonga yeMacro & Micro-Test ibonisa ubuchule obuqinileyo besayensi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-immunoassays, i-isothermal amplification, i-real-time PCR, kunye nolandelelwano lwesizukulwana esilandelayo. Ezi zisombululo azijongi nje kuphela iimfuno zangoku zeklinikhi kunye nempilo yoluntu kodwa zikwahambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuxilonga.

  Ngokuvumela ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, ukwahlulwahlulwa okuchanekileyo kwamacala, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-genomic ngexesha langempela, inkampani idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni ukulungela kwehlabathi kunye nokuphendula kwi-mpox kunye nezinye izifo ezisulelayo ezivelayo.

  Iireferensi:

  [1] I-WHO. Iingxelo zeMpox Global Memory. Matshi, 2026, eGeneva: Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi; 2026
  [2] I-WHO. Ulawulo lwezonyango kunye noThintelo losulelo lweMpox. Meyi 2025, eGeneva: Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi; 2025