Ngo-Epreli 2026, inqanawa yohambo oluya entlango eneflegi yaseDatshiMS Hondiuswemka e-Ushuaia, eArgentina. Ngomhla wesi-6 ku-Epreli, umkhweli waba nomkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, waza wasweleka emva kweentsuku ezintlanu. Umfazi wakhe naye wagula waza wasweleka emva kokutshintshelwa eMzantsi Afrika. Emva koko, umkhweli waseBritane oneminyaka engama-69 ubudala wavavanywa ene-hantavirus kwaye usagcinwe kunyango olunzulu. Ukusukela ngomhla we-13 kuMeyi, i-World Health Organization ibike.Amatyala ali-11 kunye nokufa oku-3ezinxulumene nobhubhane enqanaweni.
I. Isishwankathelo seentsholongwane kunye neendidi zezifo
IiHantaviruses liqela leentsholongwane ze-RNA ezithwalwa kakhulu ziimpuku, ezikwi-genus Orthohantavirus kusapho lweBunyaviridae. I-genome yazo ibandakanyaamacandelo amathathu (L, M, kunye no-S), ifaka i-RNA polymerase exhomekeke kwi-RNA, ii-glycoproteins, kunye ne-nucleocapsid protein, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokusekelwe kulwabiwo lwendawo kunye neempawu zeklinikhi, ii-hantaviruses zahlulwe zibeamaqela amabini amakhulu:
Iintsholongwane zeHlabathi Elidala(efumaneka eYurophu, eAsia naseAfrika) imbangelaUmkhuhlane weHaemorrhagic one-Renal Syndrome (HFRS). Iintsholongwane ezimeleyo ziquka iHantaan virus (HTNV), iSeoul virus (SEOV), kunye nePuumala virus (PUUV). Zijolise kakhulu kwizintso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kwezintso, ekubonakalisweni kokopha, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kwi-shock. Amanani okufa kwamatyala ayahluka ngohlobo lwentsholongwane kodwa ngokubanzi aqala kwi<1% ukuya kwi-5-15%.
Iintsholongwane zeHlabathi elitsha(ijikeleza eMntla naseMzantsi Melika) imbangelaI-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). Iintsholongwane ezimeleyo ziquka i-Sin Nombre virus (SNV) kunye ne-Andes virus (ANDV). Zijolise kakhulu emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba kwe-pulmonary okubangelwa yintliziyo, ukuphefumla okubuhlungu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo. Iimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane, i-myalgia, iingxaki zesisu), kodwa esi sifo sinokukhula ngokukhawuleza sibe sisifo sokuphefumla, kunyeamazinga okufa kwamatyala afikelela kwi-30-50%.
Uqhambuko lweenqanawa zokhenketho lubangelwe ikakhulu yiIntsholongwane yeAndes (ANDV), eliphantsi kweI-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)uhlobo oluthile.
II. IiHantavirus zemveli ezidityaniswe neHFRS vs. Andes Virus (HPS)
III. Iindlela zoThumelo
IHantavirus idluliselwa kakhulu ngeukudibana ngqo nendle, amathe, okanye umchamo weempuku ezineentsholongwane, okanye ngoukuphefumla indle etshisiweyoEzinye iindlela ezinokubakho ziquka:
-Ukulunywa okanye ukukrwelwa ziimpuku ezineentsholongwane;
-Ukutya ukutya okungcoliswe ngumchamo, inkunkuma, okanye amathe anesifo seempuku;
-Ukuthinta amehlo, impumlo, okanye umlomo emva kokuthinta izinto ezingcolisiweyo.
Ukudluliselwa komntu komnye umntu kunqabile kakhulukodwa kuqinisekisiwe ukubaIntsholongwane yeAndes (ANDV).
IV. Ukulandelela Uqhagamshelwano lweHantavirus kwiHlabathi Jikelele – Uvavanyo lweNucleic Acid kunye nokulandelelana njengeeTekhnoloji eziPhambili
Emva kokuqhambuka kwe-ANDV, amagunya ezempilo kumazwe angaphezu kweshumi - kuquka iSpain, i-United Kingdom, i-United States, iKhanada, neSwitzerland - ngaxeshanye aqalise ukulandelela abantu abaqhagamshelwe kunye nokubeka esweni ukuvalelwa kwabo. IFrance, i-United States, kunye nabanye baqhubekile nokulandelela imeko yempilo yabemi babo ababuya kwinqanawa echaphazelekileyo.
Kule mpendulo kaxakeka yamazwe amaninzi,uvavanyo lwe-nucleic acid kunye nokulandelelana kwe-genomiczidlale indima ebalulekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu:
-Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acidinika ubungqina obucacileyo bokuchonga ngokukhawuleza i-pathogen;
-Ulandelelwano lwe-genomicInika ubungqina obungenakutshintshwa bemolekyuli bokulandelela umthombo wosulelo, ukuqinisekisa imixokelelwane yokudlulisela, kunye nokuvavanya utshintsho lwentsholongwane.
V. Izisombululo zokuFumanisa iHantavirus (Ingakumbi uhlobo lweHPS)
1. Ukuchongwa Kwasekuqaleni Kweentsholongwane Ezibangela Isifo
1.1 Uvavanyo lwe-Point-of-Care (POCT)
Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo novavanyo olungxamisekileyo –isampuli-ukuya-kwisiphumo kwiyure e-1.
1.2 I-PCR eqhelekileyo
2. Izisombululo zokulandelelanisa
Ukuchonga iintsholongwane kunye nokulandelela ukusasazeka kwazo kwiimeko zesifoumkhuhlane ongaziwayo imvelaphi yawo, uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, okanye iimpawu zokopha.
Iimpawu eziphambili:
VI. Idatha yoKusebenza eQinisekisiweyo
Ukulandelelana kwe-genome epheleleyo ngokusekelwe ekubanjweni kwe-probe kweesampuli ezine-hantavirus kufezekisiwe>99% yogutyungelwe yi-genome kubunzulu obuyi-30×.
Uhlalutyo lwe-genotyping kunye ne-subtype proportion ye-hantavirus esekwe emanzini amdaka lunokwenzeka.
VII. Iikhithi ezinxulumene noko
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-14-2026