Isifo seswekile siliqela lezifo ze-metabolic ezibonakaliswa yi-hyperglycemia, ebangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-insulin okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhayoloji, okanye zombini. I-hyperglycemia yexesha elide kwisifo seswekile ikhokelela kumonakalo ongapheliyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye neengxaki ezingapheliyo zezicubu ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi amehlo, izintso, intliziyo, imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo, ezinokusasazeka kuwo onke amalungu abalulekileyo omzimba wonke, okukhokelela kwi-macroangiopathy kunye ne-microangiopathy, okukhokelela ekwehleni komgangatho wobomi bezigulane. Iingxaki eziqatha zinokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba azinyangwa ngexesha. Esi sifo sihlala ixesha elide kwaye kunzima ukunyanga.
Isifo seswekile sisondele kangakanani kuthi?
Ukuze kuqatshelwe abantu ngesifo seswekile, ukususela ngo-1991, i-International Diabetes Federation (IDF) kunye ne-World Health Organisation (WHO) zibeke umhla we-14 kweyeNkanga njengo "Suku lweSifo seswekile oluManyeneyo".
Ngoku ekubeni isifo seswekile sisiya sisiba sincinci, wonke umntu kufuneka aqaphele ukuba isifo seswekile siqala nini na! Idatha ibonisa ukuba umntu omnye kwabalishumi eTshayina unesifo seswekile, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba siphezulu kangakanani na isifo seswekile. Okuyoyikisayo nangakumbi kukuba xa isifo seswekile siqalile, asinakunyangwa, kwaye kufuneka uphile phantsi komthunzi wolawulo lweswekile ubomi bakho bonke.
Njengenye yeziseko ezintathu zemisebenzi yobomi bomntu, iswekile ngumthombo wamandla obalulekileyo kuthi. Ukuba nesifo seswekile kuyichaphazela njani ubomi bethu? Indlela yokugweba nokuthintela?
Ungagweba njani ukuba unesifo seswekile?
Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, abantu abaninzi babengazi ukuba bayagula kuba iimpawu zazingacacanga. Ngokwe "Izikhokelo zoThintelo noNyango lweSifo seswekile soHlobo lwesibini eTshayina (uHlelo luka-2020)", izinga lolwazi ngesifo seswekile eTshayina liyi-36.5% kuphela.
Ukuba uhlala unale mpawu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolwe iswekile yegazi. Lumka ngotshintsho olusemzimbeni wakho ukuze ufumaniseke kwangethuba kwaye ulawule kwangethuba.
Isifo seswekile ngokwaso asisoyikeki, kodwa sisifo esibangelwa sisifo seswekile!
Ukulawulwa kakubi kwesifo seswekile kuya kubangela ingozi enkulu.
Izigulane ezineswekile zihlala zihamba nokuguqulwa kwamafutha kunye neeproteni ngendlela engaqhelekanga. I-hyperglycemia yexesha elide inokubangela amalungu ahlukeneyo, ingakumbi amehlo, intliziyo, imithambo yegazi, izintso kunye nemithambo-luvo, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukungaphumeleli kwamalungu omzimba, okukhokelela ekukhubazekeni okanye ekufeni ngaphambi kwexesha. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zeswekile ziquka istroke, i-myocardial infarction retinopathy, i-diabetic nephropathy, i-diabetic foot njalo njalo.
● Umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile uphezulu ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kane kunalowo uphakathi kwabantu abangengabo abanesifo seswekile abaneminyaka efanayo nesini esifanayo, kwaye ubudala bokuqala kwezifo zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi buqhubekile kwaye imeko iba mandundu ngakumbi.
● Izigulane ezineswekile zihlala zihamba noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-dyslipidemia.
● I-retinopathy yesifo seswekile yeyona nto ibangela ubumfama kubantu abadala.
● I-nephropathy yesifo seswekile yenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
Unyawo olunesifo seswekile esibi kakhulu lunokubangela ukuba umntu anqunyulwe ilungu lomzimba.
Ukuthintela isifo seswekile
●Yazisa ulwazi ngokuthintela nonyango lwesifo seswekile.
● Gcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni ngokutya okufanelekileyo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.
● Abantu abasempilweni bafanele bavavanye iswekile yegazi engazinzanga kanye ngonyaka ukususela kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala, kwaye abantu abanesifo seswekile bacetyiswa ukuba bavavanye iswekile yegazi engazinzanga kanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye kwiiyure ezi-2 emva kokutya.
● Ukungenelela kwangoko kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
Ngokulawula ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga, isalathisi sobunzima bomzimba wabantu abatyebileyo nabatyebileyo siya kufikelela okanye sisondele kwi-24, okanye ubunzima babo buya kwehla ubuncinane nge-7%, nto leyo enokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile kubantu abangekabi naso isifo seswekile ngama-35-58%.
Unyango olupheleleyo lwezigulane zeswekile
Unyango lwesondlo, unyango lokuzilolonga, unyango ngamayeza, imfundo yezempilo kunye nokubeka iliso kwiswekile yegazi zezona ndlela zintlanu zonyango olupheleleyo lwesifo seswekile.
● Izigulane ezineswekile ngokuqinisekileyo zinokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zeswekile ngokuthatha amanyathelo afana nokunciphisa iswekile egazini, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukulungisa amafutha egazini nokulawula ubunzima, kunye nokulungisa imikhwa emibi yokuphila njengokuyeka ukutshaya, ukunciphisa utywala, ukulawula ioyile, ukunciphisa ityuwa kunye nokwandisa umthambo.
Ukuzilawula ngokwakho izigulane ezinesifo seswekile yindlela esebenzayo yokulawula imeko yesifo seswekile, kwaye ukujongwa kweglucose egazini lakho kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi kwesikhokelo soogqirha abaziingcali kunye/okanye abahlengikazi.
● Nyanga isifo seswekile ngenkuthalo, ulawule esi sifo ngokuthe ngcembe, ulibazise iingxaki, kwaye izigulane zeswekile zinokonwabela ubomi njengabantu abaqhelekileyo.
Isisombululo seswekile
Ngenxa yoku, ikhithi yovavanyo lwe-HbA1c eyenziwe yiHongwei TES inika izisombululo zokuxilonga, unyango kunye nokubeka esweni isifo seswekile:
Ikhithi yokumisela i-hemoglobin yeGlycosylated (HbA1c) (i-fluorescence immunochromatography)
I-HbA1c yiparameter ephambili yokujonga ulawulo lwesifo seswekile kunye nokuvavanya umngcipheko weengxaki ze-microvascular, kwaye ngumgangatho wokuxilongwa kwesifo seswekile. Uxinzelelo lwayo lubonisa iswekile yegazi ephakathi kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezidlulileyo, nto leyo eluncedo ekuvavanyeni impembelelo yolawulo lweswekile kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile. Ukujonga i-HbA1c kunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki ezingapheliyo zesifo seswekile, kwaye kunokunceda ukwahlula i-hyperglycemia yoxinzelelo kwisifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.
Uhlobo lwesampulu: igazi elipheleleyo
I-LoD: ≤5%
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-14-2023