Iintlobo ezi-4 zeentsholongwane zokuphefumla i-Nucleic Acid

Isifo seCorona Virus sika-2019, esibizwa ngokuba yi-"COVID-19", sibhekisa kwi-pneumonia ebangelwa lusulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2. I-SARS-CoV-2 sisifo se-coronavirus esikwi-β genus. I-COVID-19 sisifo esosulelayo esihlaselayo, kwaye uluntu ngokubanzi lusengozini. Okwangoku, umthombo wosulelo ikakhulu zizigulana ezosulelwe yi-SARS-CoV-2, kwaye abantu abane-symptomatic nabo banokuba ngumthombo wosulelo. Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwangoku lwe-epidemiological, ixesha lokukhulelwa liphakathi kweentsuku ezili-1-14, uninzi lwazo iintsuku ezi-3-7. Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okomileyo kunye nokudinwa zezona mpawu ziphambili. Izigulana ezimbalwa zazineempawu ezifana nokuxinana kweempumlo, impumlo egobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, i-myalgia kunye norhudo, njl.

I-Influenza, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"flu", sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-influenza. Isasazeka kakhulu. Isasazeka kakhulu ngokukhohlela nokuthimla. Idla ngokuqhambuka entwasahlobo nasebusika. Iintsholongwane ze-Influenza zahlulwe zibe yi-influenza A (IFV A), i-influenza B (IFV B), kunye ne-Influenza C (IFV C) iintlobo ezintathu, zonke zezentsholongwane ezinamathelayo, zibangela isifo ebantwini ikakhulu kwiintsholongwane ze-influenza A kunye ne-B, yintsholongwane ye-RNA enemigca enye, ehlukaniswe ngezigaba. Intsholongwane ye-Influenza A sisifo sokuphefumla esikhawulezileyo, kuquka i-H1N1, i-H3N2 kunye nezinye iintlobo, ezinokuthi ziguquke kwaye ziqhambuke kwihlabathi liphela. Igama elithi "Shift" libhekisa kuguquko lwentsholongwane ye-influenza A, nto leyo ebangela ukuvela kwentsholongwane entsha "engaphantsi". Iintsholongwane ze-Influenza B zahlulwe ngemigca emibini, i-Yamagata kunye ne-Victoria. Intsholongwane ye-Influenza B ine-antigenic drift kuphela, kwaye ithintela ukujongwa nokupheliswa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngoguquko lwayo. Nangona kunjalo, isantya sokuvela kwentsholongwane ye-influenza B sihamba kancinci kunesentsholongwane ye-influenza A yabantu. Intsholongwane ye-Influenza B inokubangela izifo zokuphefumla ebantwini kwaye ikhokelele kwiindyikityha zobhubhane.

Intsholongwane ye-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) yintsholongwane ye-RNA, ephuma kusapho lwe-paramyxoviridae. Idluliselwa ngamathontsi omoya kunye nokudibana ngokusondeleyo kwaye yeyona ntsholongwane iphambili yosulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla esezantsi kwiintsana. Iintsana ezosulelwe yi-RSV zinokuba ne-bronchiolitis enzima kunye ne-pneumonia, ezinxulumene ne-asthma ebantwaneni. Iintsana zineempawu ezinzima, kubandakanya umkhuhlane ophezulu, i-rhinitis, i-pharyngitis kunye ne-laryngitis, kwaye emva koko i-bronchiolitis kunye ne-pneumonia. Abantwana abambalwa abagulayo banokuba nzima nge-otitis media, i-pleurisy kunye ne-myocarditis, njl. Usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu luphawu oluphambili losulelo kubantu abadala nakubantwana abadala.